Contents

All the model codes and data files for SIMPLE-G Global for assessments of climate and pandemic shocks:

• Model files:
  • simpleg.exe
  • simpleg.tab
• Command files:
  • simpleg_climCov_adapt.cmf
  • simpleg_climCov_noAdapt-nut.cmf
  • simpleg_climCov_noAdapt-ghg.cmf
• Data files:
  • GRIDDATA.har
  • GRIDPARM.har
  • GRIDSETS.har
  • LANDDATA.har
  • LANDPARM.har
  • LANDSETS.har
  • XTRDATA.har

SIMPLE-G- Global Model specifications

Background

To address sustainability challenges with considerable spatial heterogeneity, a gridded economic analysis is necessary. On the other hand, global shocks, such as pandemics, may have a significant impact on environmental footprints as well as food security in the short run. Assessing the impacts of combined weather and pandemic shocks necessitates quantitative frameworks that address sustainability and food security at different scales. This manuscript provides an overview of the SIMPLE-G-Global model, a multiscale gridded economic framework designed to facilitate the study of food security, emissions, water, and land. The model codes, data, and outputs are described here. As an application, the results of a pandemic-weather compound scenario are illustrated. The results highlight the significance of different drivers in determining the final impacts on metrics of food security and environmental sustainability.

The SIMPLE Model, the Simplified International Model of agricultural Prices, Land use, and the Environment, is developed for global analysis of sustainability and food security (Hertel and Baldos, 2016). Its gridded version, SIMPLE-G, is a model designed for multiscale gridded economic analysis with a focus on land, water, and the environment. As detailed in the SIMPLE-G Book (Haqiqi and Hertel, 2024), the model captures interactions across regions, providing insights into resource use and policy impacts at fine spatial resolutions.  The model described here is an extension of the SIMPLE-G1 (Liu et al., 2017), SIMPLE-G-US (Baldos et al., 2020), and  SIMPLE-G Global (Haqiqi et al., 2022). It adds food security and GHG emissions with adaptation possibilities.

Acknowledgments 

The model introduced here is a product of long-term collaborations. The idea behind the SIMPLE-G model started with Tom Hertel and Uris Baldos. Mark Horridge created the first pilot code in TABLO. His suggestions and guidance were invaluable in the computation of the model. Uris Baldos, Jing Liu, and Iman Haqiqi initiated the first SIMPLE-G-US models and databases. Multiple grants supported the development of the model introduced here. I acknowledge the support from the United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, Earth and Environmental Systems Modelling, MultiSector Dynamics Contract DE-SC0022141; I also acknowledge infrastructure support from the National Science Foundation HDR award #2118329: NSF Institute for Geospatial Understanding through an Integrative Discovery Environment (I-GUIDE).

References

Baldos, U.L.C., Haqiqi, I., Hertel, T.W., Horridge, M., Liu, J., 2020. SIMPLE-G: A multiscale framework for integration of economic and biophysical determinants of sustainability. Environmental Modelling & Software 133, 104805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104805

Haqiqi, I., Grogan, D.S., Bahalou Horeh, M., Liu, J., Baldos, U.L.C., Lammers, R., Hertel, T.W., 2023. Local, regional, and global adaptations to a compound pandemic-weather stress event. Environmental Research Letters 18, 035005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acbbe3

Haqiqi, I. and Hertel T.W. (eds.) 2025. SIMPLE-G: A Gridded Economic Approach to Analysis of Sustainability of the Earth’s Land and Water Resources, Springer International Publishing Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68054-0 

Haqiqi, I., Perry, C.J., and Hertel, T.W. , 2022. When the virtual water runs out: local and global responses to addressing unsustainable groundwater consumption. Water International 47(7):1060–1084. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2023.2131272

Hertel, T. W. and Baldos, U.L.C., 2016. Global change and the challenges of sustainably feeding a growing planet. Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2016.  https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22662-0

Liu, J., Hertel, T.W., Lammers, R.B., Prusevich, A., Baldos, U.L.C., Grogan, D.S., Frolking, S., 2017. Achieving sustainable irrigation water withdrawals: global impacts on food security and land use. Environmental Research Letters 12, 104009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa88db

Researchers should cite this work as follows:

• Haqiqi, I. (2024). SIMPLE-G-Global Model and Database for Multiscale Adaptations to Climate and Pandemic Shocks. MyGeoHUB. doi:10.13019/4788-WF85

  BibTex | EndNote

1. adaptation
2. agriculture
3. food security
4. GHG emissions
5. SIMPLE-G-Global

Model codes and data files for Chapter 17 of the SIMPLE-G Book.